International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 366, 2026, 152185,
ISSN 0141-8130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.152185.
Tania Vanzolini, Valentina Fiori, Tomas Di Mambro, Mauro Magnani
Abstract
Developing effective antibody therapeutics requires not only high affinity, specificity, and potency but also optimal stability and safety. Comprehensive biophysical and biochemical profiling acts as an essential gatekeeper to predict the fate of a candidate and facilitate the transition from bench to bedside. This study evaluates the developability of Dia-T51, an anti-β-1,3-glucan monoclonal antibody humanized from the murine parental 2G8 and designed for antifungal therapy. We employed a multi-technique approach combining UV–Visible, Fluorescence, and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy with in silico molecular modeling to elucidate the mechanisms involved in antigen binding. Our analysis revealed a fundamental divergence between the “conformational frustration” and thermodynamic strain exhibited by 2G8 and the cooperative “induced fit” mechanism facilitated by the backbone plasticity of Dia-T51. This structural adaptability resulted in superior affinity and thermal stability for the Dia-T51-antigen complex compared to its murine counterpart. Complementary stability assessments demonstrated that Dia-T51 remains free of aggregates and undergoes a structural refinement under physiological stress. Furthermore, samples from a 3-year-old stock of Dia-T51 were subjected to accelerated stability testing to challenge in silico predictions of chemical liabilities within the variable regions. Despite the emergence of minor stress-related structural markers detected by Dynamic Light Scattering and SDS-PAGE, the antibody retained a predominant monomeric profile and high antigen-binding capacity, as confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance and ELISA. These findings demonstrate that Dia-T51 possesses the structural resilience and functional robustness required for successful clinical translation, validating its potential for downstream pharmaceutical development and the importance of integrating biophysical data into developability assessments.
Keyword
Fungal infections, Stability, Surface plasmon resonance, UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy, Circular dichroism, ELISA, Dynamic light scattering
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